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Madge Oberholtzer
Madge Augustine Oberholtzer (November 10, 1896 – April 14, 1925) was an American white Protestant schoolteacher whose rape and murder played a critical role in the demise of the second incarnation of the Ku Klux Klan. In March 1925, while working for the state of Indiana on an adult literacy campaign, she was kidnapped by D. C. Stephenson, Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klan and one of the most powerful Klan leaders nationwide. Holding her captive in his private train car, he raped and tortured her. She died from a combination of a staph infection from her injuries and kidney failure from mercury chloride poisoning, which she took while held a captive in an attempt to commit suicide.〔(Daniel O. Linder, "D.C. Stephenson" ), Testimony, ''Famous Trials'', hosted at University of Missouri Law School, Kansas City〕
Following the suicide attempt, Stephenson's men returned Oberholtzer to her home, assuming her injuries would soon prove fatal and believing their influential leader was immune to any prosecution. However, his victim regained consciousness long enough to give a signed statement to police.〔(Dying Declaration of Madge Oberholtzer )〕 She vividly described Stephenson's assaults on her, and this detailed testimony led to his conviction at trial. The ensuing scandal contributed to the rapid decline of KKK membership in Indiana, with tens of thousands of members leaving in disgust. The decline was hastened by Stephenson's telling the press in 1926 and 1927 about government officials who had accepted payments and bribes from the Klan. The Klan's supporters were thereafter less able to defend it as law-abiding and upholding morality.
==Early life==
Born to German-American parents, Oberholtzer grew up in Indianapolis,〔 where her father worked as a postal clerk and her family belonged to the Irvington Methodist Church.〔 A friend would later say that she “an independent soul, yet timid. I don’t think anybody disliked Madge, but she didn’t make a great effort to make people like her, either.”〔 She studied English, mathematics, zoology and logic at Butler College in Irvington, but dropped out at the end of her junior year without saying why.〔 Through her life, Oberholtzer lived with her parents in the Irvington area of Indianapolis.〔 By the time she met Stephenson, she was the manager of the Indiana Young People’s Reading Circle, a special section of the Indiana Department of Public Instruction.〔 However, she heard rumors that her job and the Reading Circle program were about to be eliminated due to budget cuts.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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